Unveiling Mast Cell & Fibromyalgia Connection

Fibromyalgia comes with many comorbid conditions that can be directly affected by mast cell reactions. Some conditions can include bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), gastrointestinal symptoms (GI), neurologic inflammation and pain, and mast cell dysfunction and disorders.

Mast cells in the skin are the guardians that quickly react to stimuli that disturb a person’s homeostasis. Mast Cells (MCs) are found in the mucous membranes of the respiratory along with the digestive tract along with submucosa and connective tissue adjacent to the conjunctiva and skin. MCs are part of the pathogenesis of allergic, auto inflammatory and cancer disease as well.

Since our skin is the largest organ of the body that protects us from external physical, chemical, along with microbiological factors. MCs are one of the representatives that react first in the immune response. MCs are part of both the innate and adaptive immune responses.

Neurological Inflammation & Pain

Thalamic mast cells contribute to inflammation and pain, by releasing neuro-sensitizing molecules that include histamine, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF, as well as calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), HK-1 and SP. These molecules could either stimulate thalamic nociceptive neurons directly, or via stimulation of microglia in the diencephalon. As a result, inhibiting mast cell stimulation could be used as a novel approach for reducing pain and the symptoms of FMS,” states the PubMed website.

Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (BPS/IC)

Mast cells involved in allergic reactions are distributed throughout the blood vessels, lymph glands, and nerves of the bladder, as well as the bladder smooth muscle and mucosa. Mast cells activated by the involvement of neurological, immune, and endocrine factors are thought to play a central role in the progression of IC/BPS in many patients,” states the International Neurology Journal website.

Gastrointestinal Pain & Inflammation

Diet modification in patients with fibromyalgia by specific histamine release test improves certain clinical parameters related to the symptoms of the digestive sphere, compared to the control group. Our work opens a possible way of non-pharmacological treatment to improve some symptoms of this very prevalent disease,” states the Rheumatologia website.

The identification of the DAO enzyme deficiency in FMS patients has made it obvious that histamine and mast cell reactions directly correlate for a lot of the sub symptoms of Fibromyalgia and it’s associated pain.

DAO deficiency can create a histamine intolerance in FM patients. Photo cred:meineresterampe/Pixabay

Associations between fibromyalgia symptoms and candidate variants of the AOC1 gene in DAO enzyme activity. Identification of reduced DAO activity may improve the quality of life and treatment of symptoms in fibromyalgia patients.” states the Frontiers website when discussing Frontiers in Genetics.

DAO is an enzyme stored in tissues but primarily are found in the renal and intestinal mucosa. DAO’s purpose is to catabolize, or break down, histamine and diamines. Deficiency in DAO can create Histamine Intolerance (HIT). This can lead to neurological, gastrointestinal, and epidermal disorders.

What is recommended to assist patients in treatment is an elimination diet of high histamine foods can help patients along with recommendations of the following:

Inhibitors of mast cells would be useful in the treatment of FMS. Natural molecules could include the flavonoids, luteolin and tetramethoxyluteolin, alone or in combination with other substances selected to reduce stress. Other natural molecules could include palmitoylethanolamide, which apparently inhibits neuro-inflammation and reduces pain,” states the Frontiers in Cellular Neurology website .

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